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Brown or light brown spots that somewhat protrude above the skin and are accompanied by thickening of corneal layer are most often referred to as pigmentation. Melanocytes, cells that produce the main skin pigment – melanin – are responsible for the skin pigmentation. Its local surplus or shortage on certain skin regions causes anguish because of various pigmentations.
Pigmentation can be caused by genetic background, internal reasons (pregnancy, old age, internal diseases), UV, infrared, or roentgen radiation, persistent inflammatory processes, or frequent injuries. That means that any effect that causes insult to cells, appearance of free radicals and activation of immune system, leads to increase of melanin production and pigmentation. That is why pigmentation treatment is performed jointly with such doctors as endocrinologist, gynecologist, and therapeutist.
Skin pigmentation is closely connected to content of vitamins and enzymes in the organism and to condition of endocrine system. Lack of A, C, PP vitamins intensifies melanogenesis, lack of group B vitamins reduces it. Melanocytes activity is affected by hormones of adrenal glands, thyroid gland, sex hormones, trace elements (cuprum, zinc, iron), skin intracellular enzymes. |
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